Covid-19 Pandemic and its Effect on Child Development

This topic was widely discussed by Dr Myra V. Altonaga, a Cebu-based Neurodevelopmental Pediatrician in our recent Philippine Pediatric Society Central Visayas chapter first virtual postgraduate course.
Generally, Covid-19 is typically benign in children but the impact of the pandemic may go beyond the disease itself. It is the effects of prolonged home isolation that could be detrimental to the development of the child. Dr Myra Altonaga pointed out that the social restriction during this pandemic will affect the physical, language, socio-emotional, cognitive, learning and mental health of children.
With home isolation, children tend to have a sedentary life and they have increased consumption of canned food and industrialized food that would give less essential nutrients for the developing brain.
The social isolation could alter the children’s sleep routines thus their daily routines are also being altered. This will result to the following:
– negative physical and mental health outcomes- weight gain- psychosocial problems- poor academic performance
Furthermore, Dr. Altonaga made mentioned that social isolation will stifle the brain’s cognitive development. Also, if the social restrictions will stretch for years, then social development will be affected and that the most vulnerable group is the adolescents’ group. Social isolation will decrease their opportunities for new experiences and self-discovery.
Because of this pandemic and quarantine, some kids will be exhibiting regression episodes. They will be feeling anxious, unsure and looking for reassurance and comfort. Some will be acting out. Like, once potty-trained 3 year old would once again pee on his pants, or a solid sleeper is waking up and whining for water every night, and or having tantrums. If these regressions will interfere with their functioning then this must be considered as a red flag that needs immediate attention.
Parents should be advised to keep a healthy routine for children like:a. morning routines- getting dressed- making bed- eating breakfast- exerciseb. education- online learning- alternative learning- therapiesc. chores- putting laundry in the hamper- dishes- setting up plates and etcd. preferred activities- video games- drawing- sports
Dr. Myra Altonaga reiterated the importance and the Power of Play. This will improve language skills, early maths knowledge, promote peer relations and learning new skills.
We , responsible adults , should safeguard the well- being of the children most especially this time to avoid Adverse Childhood Experiences ( ACE) which are traumatic events occurring before the age of 18 that could lead to toxic stress in children. This stress could change brain chemistry, brain anatomy and gene expression that could lead to lifelong problems in learning, behavior, and physical and mental health. So, let us be on the alert. Let us not delay well-child check ups so as not increasing the risk of missing developmental issues. Let us protect our children!